Mechanisms of action refer to the specific ways in which a drug, chemical, or biological agent produces its effects in the body. This area of research aims to uncover and understand the molecular and cellular processes that underlie the therapeutic or toxic effects of various substances. By understanding the mechanisms of action, researchers can develop more effective and targeted treatments, as well as identify potential side effects or drug interactions. Studies in this field often involve a combination of in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials to elucidate the complex biological pathways involved in drug action. Overall, the goal of research in mechanisms of action is to improve the efficacy and safety of medical treatments and interventions.